![]() Linux - Wikipedia. Linux. Tux the penguin, mascot of Linux[1]Developer. Community. Written in. Primarily C and assembly. OS family. Unix- like. Working state. Current. Source model. Mainly open- source, proprietary software is also available. Initial release. September 1. Marketing target. Personal computers, mobile devices, embedded devices, servers, mainframes, supercomputers. Available in. Multilingual. Platforms. Alpha, ARC, ARM, Blackfin, C6x, ETRAX CRIS, FR- V, H8/3. Linux (/ ˈ l ɪ n ə k s / ( listen) LIN-əks or, less frequently, / ˈ l aɪ n ə k s / LYN-əks) is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model. Compares Linux distributions (major, minor, regional) in simple table format. Information such as price, support, documentation, included packages. Gentoo Linux (pronounced / ˈ dʒ ɛ n t uː / JEN-too) is a Linux distribution built using the Portage package management system. Unlike a binary software. Hexagon, Itanium, M3. R, m. 68k, META, Microblaze, MIPS, MN1. Nios II, Open. RISC, PA- RISC, Power. PC, s. 39. 0, S+core, Super. H, SPARC, TILE6. 4, Unicore. Xtensa. Kernel type. Monolithic (Linux kernel)Userland. GNU and various others[a]Default user interface. Many. License. GPLv. Linux" is a trademark[b])Linux ( ( listen)LIN- əks,[9][1. LYNE- əks)[1. 0][1. Linux kernel. The defining component of a Linux distribution is the Linux kernel,[1. September 1. 7, 1. Linus Torvalds.[1. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name. The Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to refer to the operating system family, as well as specific distributions, to emphasize that most Linux distributions are not just the Linux kernel, and that they have in common not only the kernel, but also numerous utilities and libraries, a large proportion of which are from the GNU project. This has led to some controversy.[1. Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x. Because of the dominance of the Linux kernel- based Android OS on smartphones, Linux has the largestinstalled base of all general- purpose operating systems.[1. Linux is also the leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers, and is used on 9. TOP5. 00supercomputers.[2. It is used by around 2. The Chromebook, which runs the Linux kernel- based Chrome OS, dominates the US K–1. US.[2. 4] Linux also runs on embedded systems – devices whose operating system is typically built into the firmware and is highly tailored to the system. This includes Ti. Vo and similar DVR devices, network routers, facility automation controls, televisions,[2. Many smartphones and tablet computers run Android and other Linux derivatives.[2. The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open- source software collaboration. The underlying source code may be used, modified and distributed—commercially or non- commercially—by anyone under the terms of its respective licenses, such as the GNU General Public License. Typically, Linux is packaged in a form known as a Linux distribution (or distro for short) for both desktop and server use. Some of the most popular and mainstream Linux distributions[2. Arch Linux, Cent. OS, Debian, Fedora, Gentoo Linux, Linux Mint, Mageia, open. SUSE and Ubuntu, together with commercial distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. Distributions include the Linux kernel, supporting utilities and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project, and usually a large amount of application software to fulfil the distribution's intended use. Desktop Linux distributions include a windowing system, such as X1. Mir or a Wayland implementation, and an accompanying desktop environment such as GNOME or KDE Plasma 5; some distributions may also include a less resource- intensive desktop, such as LXDE or Xfce. Distributions intended to run on servers may omit all graphical environments from the standard install, and instead include other software to set up and operate a solution stack such as LAMP. Because Linux is freely redistributable, anyone may create a distribution for any intended use. History[edit]Antecedents[edit]The Unix operating system was conceived and implemented in 1. AT& T's Bell Laboratories in the United States by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas Mc. Ilroy, and Joe Ossanna.[3. First released in 1. Unix was written entirely in assembly language, as was common practice at the time. Later, in a key pioneering approach in 1. C programming language by Dennis Ritchie (with the exception of some hardware and I/O routines). The availability of a high- level language implementation of Unix made its porting to different computer platforms easier.[3. Due to an earlier antitrust case forbidding it from entering the computer business, AT& T was required to license the operating system's source code to anyone who asked.[3. As a result, Unix grew quickly and became widely adopted by academic institutions and businesses. In 1. 98. 4, AT& T divested itself of Bell Labs; freed of the legal obligation requiring free licensing, Bell Labs began selling Unix as a proprietary product, where users weren't legally allowed to modify Unix. The GNU Project, started in 1. Richard Stallman, had the goal of creating a "complete Unix- compatible software system" composed entirely of free software. Work began in 1. 98. Later, in 1. 98. 5, Stallman started the Free Software Foundation and wrote the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) in 1. By the early 1. 99. Unix shell, and a windowing system) were completed, although low- level elements such as device drivers, daemons, and the kernel, called GNU/Hurd, were stalled and incomplete.[3. Linus Torvalds has stated that if the GNU kernel had been available at the time (1. Although not released until 1. BSD, from which Net. BSD, Open. BSD and Free. BSD descended, predated that of Linux. Torvalds has also stated that if 3. BSD had been available at the time, he probably would not have created Linux.[3. MINIX was created by Andrew S. Tanenbaum, a computer science professor, and released in 1. Unix- like operating system targeted at students and others who wanted to learn the operating system principles. Although the complete source code of MINIX was freely available, the licensing terms prevented it from being free software until the licensing changed in April 2. Creation[edit]In 1. University of Helsinki, Torvalds became curious about operating systems[4. MINIX, which at the time limited it to educational use only.[3. He began to work on his own operating system kernel, which eventually became the Linux kernel. Torvalds began the development of the Linux kernel on MINIX and applications written for MINIX were also used on Linux. Later, Linux matured and further Linux kernel development took place on Linux systems.[4. GNU applications also replaced all MINIX components, because it was advantageous to use the freely available code from the GNU Project with the fledgling operating system; code licensed under the GNU GPL can be reused in other computer programs as long as they also are released under the same or a compatible license. Torvalds initiated a switch from his original license, which prohibited commercial redistribution, to the GNU GPL.[4. Developers worked to integrate GNU components with the Linux kernel, making a fully functional and free operating system.[4. Linux. Linus Torvalds had wanted to call his invention "Freax", a portmanteau of "free", "freak", and "x" (as an allusion to Unix). During the start of his work on the system, some of the project's makefiles included the name "Freax" for about half a year. Torvalds had already considered the name "Linux", but initially dismissed it as too egotistical.[4. In order to facilitate development, the files were uploaded to the FTP server (ftp. FUNET in September 1. Ari Lemmke, Torvalds' coworker at the Helsinki University of Technology (HUT), who was one of the volunteer administrators for the FTP server at the time, did not think that "Freax" was a good name. So, he named the project "Linux" on the server without consulting Torvalds.[4. Later, however, Torvalds consented to "Linux". To demonstrate how the word "Linux" should be pronounced ( ( listen)LIN- əks[9][1. Torvalds included an audio guide ( listen (help·info)) with the kernel source code.[4. Another variant of pronunciation is LYN- əks.[1. Commercial and popular uptake[edit]Ubuntu, a popular Linux distribution. Adoption of Linux in production environments, rather than being used only by hobbyists, started to take off first in the mid- 1. NASA started to replace their increasingly expensive machines with clusters of inexpensive commodity computers running Linux. Commercial use followed when Dell and IBM, followed by Hewlett- Packard, started offering Linux support to escape Microsoft's monopoly in the desktop operating system market.[4. Put the fun back into computing. Use Linux, BSD. Search Distributions. Important Note. Please note that we have put together a series of common search results for people looking for distributions that are beginner friendly, offer UEFI support, Secure Boot support, do not use systemd or that have a Raspberry Pi edition. Clicking any of the above links will take you immediately to the appropriate search results. If you are looking for an article, tutorial or feature, please use our. Article Search page. Package search. Search the Distro. Watch database for distributions using a particular package. If you are looking for a distribution with the latest kernel, select "linux" from the drop- down box below and type the version number into the text box next to it. Please note that the best way to obtain the GNOME version is by searching for "nautilus", while KDE Plasma is represented by the "plasma- desktop" package. Apache 2. x is listed as "httpd". As for versioning, if no version number is provided, this page will return any recent versions of the selected package. It is also possible to perform searches for distributions which do not contain a specific package. This returns a list of distributions where the given package is not present on the installation media. The package version search offers the ability to search for packages which are close. The second field in the search form allows visitors to switch between. Most people will probably want to use the like option as it will. When no version is specified, like. Have fun and let us know how we can improve the search engine! Search by Distribution Criteria (Simple Search Form)This section allows you to search for a particular distribution based on certain criteria. Select the criteria from the drop- down and check boxes below and hit the Submit Query button to get a list of known distributions that match your choice. Country of origin All. Algeria. Argentina. Australia. Austria. Belgium. Bhutan. Bosnia and Herzegovina. Brazil. Bulgaria. Cambodia. Canada. Chile. China. Cuba. Czech Republic. Denmark. Ecuador. Egypt. Finland. France. Germany. Greece. Guatemala. Hong Kong. Hungary. India. Indonesia. Iran. Ireland. Isle of Man. Israel. Italy. Japan. Jordan. Latvia. Lithuania. Malaysia. Malta. Mexico. Mongolia. Nepal. Netherlands. New Zealand. Nigeria. Norway. Oman. Peru. Philippines. Poland. Portugal. Puerto Rico. Réunion. Romania. Russia. Serbia. Singapore. Slovakia. Slovenia. South Africa. South Korea. Spain. Sri Lanka. Sweden. Switzerland. Taiwan. Thailand. Turkey. Ukraine. United Arab Emirates. United Kingdom. USAVenezuela. Vietnam. Based on All. Android. Arch. Cent. OSCRUXDebian. Debian (Stable)Debian (Testing)Debian (Unstable)Fedora. Free. BSDGentoo. Independent. KDE neon. KNOPPIXLFSMageia. Mandriva. Manjaro. Open. BSDopen. SUSEPCLinux. OSPuppy. Red Hatr. Pathsidux. Slackware. Sli. Taz. Solaris. Ubuntu. Ubuntu (LTS)Tiny Core. Zenwalk. Not based on None. Arch. Cent. OSDebian. Fedora. Free. BSDGentoo. Independent. KDE neon. KNOPPIXLFSMageia. Mandriva. Manjaro. Mint. Open. BSDopen. SUSEPCLinux. OSPuppy. Red Hatr. Pathsidux. Slackware. Sli. Taz. Solaris. Ubuntu. Tiny Core. Zenwalk. Desktop interface All. No desktop. After. Step. Android. Awesome. Blackboxbspwm. Budgie. Cinnamon. Consort. Deepindwm. Enlightenment. Equinox. Firefox. Fluxboxflwm. FVWMGNOMEHackedboxi. Ice. WMion. JWMKDEKDE Plasma. Kodi (XBMC)Lesstif. Lumina. LXDELXQt. MATEMaynard. Metacity. Mezzo. Moblin. Openbox. Pantheon. Pearlpekwm. Ratpoison. Razor- qt. SLWMSugar. Trinity. TWMUnity. Web. UIWMaker. WMFSWMIXfce. Architecture Allacorn. Package management All. Other/Unknown. DEBFlatpak. RPMPacman. PETPortage. Snap. TGZ/TXZRelease model All. Fixed. Semi- Rolling. Rolling. Install media size All. Under 1. 00. MBUnder 2. MBUnder 7. 00. MBUnder 2. MBOver 2. 00. 0MBInstall method All. Local. Net- Install. Multi- language support All. Yes/Other. Noararabicaragoneseaz. Bengalibgbnbycacatalancncsczdadedk. Dzongkhaeeeneseteufa. Farsififofrgalicianglgr. Gujarati. Hausahehi. Hindihkhrhuid. Igboilinis. ISOitjajpkokrltlv. Malayalammlmnmrmsnb. Nepalinlnnnophplpoptpt_br. Punjabirorsrusesisksv. Tamilte. Teluguthtrtwuaukvalencianvn. Yorubayuzhzh_CNzh_TWInit software All. Open. RCRCrunitsystemd. Sys. VUpstart. Not systemd. Other. Status (defined) All. Active. Dormant. Discontinued. The following distributions match your criteria (sorted by popularity): 1. Linux Mint (1)Linux Mint is an Ubuntu- based distribution whose goal is to provide a more complete out- of- the- box experience by including browser plugins, support for DVD playback, Java and other components. It also adds a custom desktop and menus, several unique configuration tools, and a web- based package installation interface. Linux Mint is compatible with Ubuntu software repositories. Debian (2)The Debian Project is an association of individuals who have made common cause to create a free operating system. This operating system is called Debian. Debian systems currently use the Linux kernel. Linux is a completely free piece of software started by Linus Torvalds and supported by thousands of programmers worldwide. Of course, the thing that people want is application software: programs to help them get what they want to do done, from editing documents to running a business to playing games to writing more software. Debian comes with over 5. It's a bit like a tower. At the base is the kernel. On top of that are all the basic tools. Next is all the software that you run on the computer. At the top of the tower is Debian - - carefully organizing and fitting everything so it all works together. Manjaro Linux (3)Manjaro Linux is a fast, user- friendly, desktop- oriented operating system based on Arch Linux. Key features include intuitive installation process, automatic hardware detection, stable rolling- release model, ability to install multiple kernels, special Bash scripts for managing graphics drivers and extensive desktop configurability. Manjaro Linux offers Xfce as the core desktop options, as well as a minimalist Net edition for more advanced users. Community- supported GNOME 3/Cinnamon and KDE flavours are available. Users also benefit from the supportive and vibrant Manjaro community forum. Antergos (5)Antergos is a modern, elegant and powerful operating system based on Arch Linux. It started life under the name of Cinnarch, combining the Cinnamon desktop with the Arch Linux distribution, but the project has moved on from its original goals and now offers a choice of several desktops, including GNOME 3 (default), Cinnamon, Razor- qt and Xfce. Antergos also provides its own graphical installation program. Fedora (7)Fedora (formerly Fedora Core) is a Linux distribution developed by the community- supported Fedora Project and owned by Red Hat. Fedora contains software distributed under a free and open- source license and aims to be on the leading edge of such technologies. Fedora has a reputation for focusing on innovation, integrating new technologies early on and working closely with upstream Linux communities. The default desktop in Fedora is the GNOME desktop environment and the default interface is the GNOME Shell. Other desktop environments, including KDE, Xfce, LXDE, MATE and Cinnamon, are available. Fedora Project also distributes custom variations of Fedora called Fedora spins. These are built with specific sets of software packages, offering alternative desktop environments or targeting specific interests such as gaming, security, design, scientific computing and robotics. Solus (8)Solus is a Linux distribution built from scratch. It uses a forked version of the Pi. Si package manager, maintained as "eopkg" within Solus, and a custom desktop environment called "Budgie", developed in- house. The Budgie desktop, which can be set to emulate the look and feel of the GNOME 2 desktop, is tightly integrated with the GNOME stack. The distribution is available for 6. True. OS (1. 2)True. OS has as its goals to be an easy- to- install- and- use desktop and server operating system, based on Free. BSD. To accomplish this, it provides a graphical installation to enable even UNIX novices to easily install and get it running. It pre- configures desktop environments, video, sound, and networking so that the desktop can be used immediately. A graphical software installation program makes installing pre- built software as easy as other popular operating systems. Arch Linux (1. 4)Arch Linux is an independently developed, i. Linux distribution targeted at competent Linux users.
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